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of Carthage in the Third Punic War, or the horrors of Passchendaele. That war is terrible; however, it doesn’t mean that it’s ineffective.

In our times, Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022 in the erroneous, but not crazy, belief that a sharp, decisive military campaign would topple the Western-oriented government in Kyiv and force the creation of a regime more to the Kremlin’s liking. This was a war that never should have been launched, yet Ukraine had no alternative but to fight it.

If Kyiv wants to protect its sovereign territory and eventually get a tolerable diplomatic outcome, war is the answer — as, sadly, it has been so often throughout human history.

Rich Lowry is editor of the National Review.

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